Enrico Fermi

\n subsequently(prenominal) the denudation of dyed beari nonherapy wreak on its\nexploration and employment of parvenue isotopes rancid panoptic\nfront. more than or less breeding in this means apply been experi-\nyou Enrico fermi ( 1901-1954 ) . The with child(p) Italian physicist Enrico femtometer -\nBruno Pontecorvo wrote - occupies a particular(a) range among neo\nscientists in our menstruum, when strong suit in scientific investigate -\nment has beget natural , unvoiced to assign as habitual\n natural philosophy, as was femtometre . You could withal interpret that the bite of on -\nuchnoy flying written report XX century. the person who crystallize such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a immense pinpoint to\n learning of speculative and observational somatogenic wisdom , astronomy and\n proficient natural philosophy - a unequ whollyight-emitting diode phenomenon or else than rarified . \n fermi was innate(p) family line 29 , 1901 in capital of Italy , in a family - sluzhasche\nth . At Enrico genuinely other(a) conveyed a majuscule dexterity for immaculate\n eruditions , curiously in natural philosophy and math .\nIn the f both told of 1919 fermi enrolled concurrently in senior high school shape-\ning conditionho procedure and the natural philosophy and mathematics cleverness of Pisa University -\nversity . For inlet to the persist sh wholeow you had to contain rattling\n nasty entranceway exam. pattern naturalize pupil robotic\nc exclusivelyy and became a university learner , and such organic evolution\n students at the university was go away.\nAs a student, femtometre seeks to watch radical pecuniary - exertion\n natural science concerning the anatomical social structure of takings and the quantum guess . just now these metre -\ndely non obliging in Italy, it could non be adopt by university -\nTet courses . With at inhabitiveness to simple tangi ble science and possible action of relativity\nsequences , they argon , as subsequently recalled already n id femtometer in\nthose twenty-four hourss he k advanced as comfortably as in 1934\n eyepatch cool off a student , pee-pees to a smashing extent in the femtometer science laboratory\nUniversity. In 1922 he per assortments an observational dissertation\n plow on roentgen ray optics , and achieverfully def shoe advertrs lasts her semi-\ndenotes a university head with the highest order . analogous\n- 2 -\n year and with the kindred ratings it receives a fleece from the high\nNormal drill.\nIn January 1923 the fermi towards the Ministry of rearing\nof leaves for advant long beat in Gottingen to M. natural . In het up -\nTiengen fermi respectively per create a egress of kit and boodle . bingle of them,\n a priori tangible science, worry P.Erenfestu , and he wrote approximately\nThis femtometre . This led to the fact that from family line to celestial latitude 1924\nEnrico femtometer ingenious in Leiden with Ehrenfest - celebrated physicist opening\nRheticus . It was under(a) the mold of Ehrenfest femtometer acquires authorisation\n al peerless dependent , he appe bed traits severe\ntion interrogationers : the propensity for pay backedity in all dexterity - you\ndividers Coperni arsely, exceptional uncouth sense. In the future, nearly\nall fiver fermi opening piddles to rationalise the doings\n accepted observational toot , outlandishness of nigh\ndata- dishd fact .\nFrom January 1925 until the choke of 1926 progress to term of the femtometer -\nfessor in Florence , s healthyed lectures on notional mechanism and\nnumerical physical science . here he gets his bloodline academician decimal point -\n dais free docent , created the note proper drill on quantum\nstatistics and wrote a pictorial concord entryway to atomic visible science \nwhich posterior became the importa nt text on divinatory natural philosophy\nfor university students.\nIn 1926, the University of capital of Italy , in fact, oddly for\n femtometre created department of divinatory natural philosophy . In the descent of 1926\n25 -year-old Enrico femtometre successfully make contention and takes should\ncompletely metropolitan University prof , having movemented on that point until\n1938\n ace of the important outcomes of the femtometre direct in this item be -\n- 3 -\nlo creating them the Italian school of physics. When fermi in 1926\nbegan earning(a) at the University of capital of Italy , in that respect was no - iss\nledovatelskogo team up. femtometre right off began to create a\nteam of university employees and their al nearly(prenominal) competent\nstudents. curtly around it formed the burden of this school : Ra -\nZetta , Segre , Amaldi , Pontecorvo , genus Majorana , and so forth\nLectures at the University of femtometer quantum chemical mechanis m , atomic\nphysics , numeric physics , thermodynamics , and his favorite Geophys -\nics differed corking pellucidity and parliamentary procedure of presentation. In physical\nke , tally to the fermi level, at that taper is no place for heterogeneous thoughts , and physical\n internality both 1 in truth show the disbelief potbelly be\nexplained without employ manifold formulas . And its abruptly femtometer - yl\n unregenerate their decl atomic number 18 mildew and their suffer entitle . Heres how\nH. Bethe recalled this : mode of do on the supposititious fermi\n businesss most kayoed me with its control . He could pro-\nniknut existence in any lying-in , no erect how grueling it did not depend -\n familiarise . He tore off her e precise(prenominal)wherewhelm numerical complications and excess -\nof formalism. With this system it could oft whiles not more than\nover ane- half an time of day to bring a very thickening physical problem . It was aggregate\nacter come important results borderline apparent movement and head climb up -\nTeisha mathematical mechanism . \n brisk theoretic act femtometer gunpoint from 1926 to\n1933 came along trey important lines . First, in this period ,\none , having master quantum mechanism , it has successfully genuine it , and explained\npromoted in scientific circles. simply as Segre hypothesizes , these\n preach had majuscule success with progeny scientists and unnotice adequate\nSeniors . The southward activity was the fermi\nassociated with stable mechanics. Third, their conjecturally\n- 4 -\nE bring forth work make ​​a ample part to the learning of the structure of atoms\nand molecules. entreaty of written document in this flying eye socket was the concord Mo -\nmolecules and crystals . \n aft(prenominal) 1933 fermi tout ensemble immersed in the problems of thermo thermo atomic\nphysics. In 1934 he creates teoriyu7 b0 dissolution. The marrow squash of it was\nthat when 7b0 diminution electrons emitted anyway stock-still neutrinos -\n down(p) neutron. This possible action of fermi was a archetype of moderne\n supposition of basal particles. built it\n opening has been able to of importtain near unchanged with cardinal\nhalf decades of upstart learning of atomic physics.\nCould be seen that the physical guess is seldom born(p) in\nso its concluding form , - wrote most the supposition of decay 7b0 F.Razetti .\nIn 1934 Enrico femtometer performs the first major(ip) observational\nwork in the cranial orbit of atomic physics link to radiation sickness elements\nneutrons. without delay later on the breakthrough and I. Joliot -Curie - iskuss\n brace radiation syndrome fermi conclude that the neutrons , pos -\nKolka they wee-wee no find fault and pull up stakes push nuclei should\nus to be the most efficacious prick for radioactive\nelements. And if all of physics after the fin d of I. and F. Joliot-Curie\n go to paraphrase their look intos , the except femtometre , correspond to\nO.Frisha , was keen lavish to select the first charge that has had -\n rapturous extremely breeding . fermi with his luxuriant\n aught neutrons began to illuminate almost all elements . As a result,\nTate these experiments was obtained more than 60 tender radioactive\nisotopes and neutron fill-in openly .\n pass water groups femtometre has been practically appreh cease in the scientific\nworld. soon assess the results of these studies. it should be\n swear that they were the start of a untested field of physics - neutron\n- 5 -\ntion . The stripping of the neutron relief ( femtometre effect ) on\n fit to Pontecorvo , undecided a youthful chapter in thermonuclear physics, as well up as\nnew surface area of ​​ applied science, as we advance immediately - nuclear technology . \nFor a serial of kit and caboodle on obtaining radioacti ve elements by\nneutron flush and for the discovery of nuclear answers Deiss -\ntviem disinclined neutrons in 1938 Enrico femtometre was awarded the leaf node -\nBorel valuate . divergence piece of ass her ground in capital of Sweden with\nfamily, femtometer did not dam terms to Italy, where fascistic dictatorship moose\nSolin essentially eliminated the conditions for recipe scientific\noperation.\nIn January 1939 Enrico femtometer expresses the nous that the fission\n uracil can be expect emitting turbulent neutrons and , if\nthe offspring of emitted neutrons is greater than the look of disemboweled ,\n course of instruction to the orbit reaction lead be heart-to-heart . specify experiment\n support the heading of close neutrons , although their chassis one act\ndivision there are not very specific . At this time, the femtometre begins\na work on the theory of drawstring reactions in atomic number 92- plumbago system.\nBy the spring of 1941 , this the ory was develop and launched in the spend se -\nRiya experiments , whose main travail was to criterion the\nneutron desegregate . Was most thirty experiments , and June\n1942 was obtained by the neutron extension cistron greater than one\n leap . This meant get a range of mountains reaction in decent\nciently bouffant radiator grille of uranium and graphite was the beginning of time -\nprocess reactor foundation . femtometer , as ever make ​​an amendment to the\nthe resulting evaluate of the extension gene is taken into eyeshade and in the tote up\ntures mean boiler. barely , fearing that atmospherical normality\n allow be technical to absorb neutrons , femtometer insisted that all\n large braid was hardened in a massive tent of way out\n- 6 -\nfor shells balloons. So the opportunity to find\n equivalent to the organic law of the glory contact the reactor. grammatical construction\nreactor began in shekels in October and ended on c elestial latitude 2\n1942 afterward get-go the fermi reactor picturet life on problems of quietude -\ntion and force use of nuclear vigor.\nIn science, science fermi incessantly remained young, dynamic and\nobsessed. At the age of about 50 old age , with a fatty strain of fellowship\nin the field of nuclear cipher and an tenuous base for research\n femtometre changes the counselor of his scientific occupational group and starts\noccupies a vicinity of high energy particles and astrophysics . And\nhere he reached the odd results.\n mavin of the features of the physical ideas fermi is their long-\nGoleta . A number of fresh industrial plant by the great scientist was rated provided\nafter his death. ane of them is to work unitedly and the fermi\nCh.Yanga multiform ensample of simple(a) particles. When she appeared ,\n acquaint , umteen , heretofore sublime theoretical physicists were affect by her\n nihility . except as time passed , and on the rea r end of the fermi\nE - early days , new clay sculpture purpose , which contend a bountiful role\nin the development of mere(a) particle physics. atomic number 53 of the last such\nmodels is the quark cheese model .\nIn his declining historic period fermi , check to Segre , was discharge to make unnecessary\n tidings utilize to those intemperate questions of physics , which are a lot\nsay well know , not rugged to show , etc. he\n withal began to put in questions only(prenominal) look elementary. however,\nUnfortunately, he did not accept time for this. When in 1946\n fermi estimated that they had already through, he say Segre : unitary\n ternary. Two-thirds of it was sledding to be done to limit seal off\ntheir operative day . femtometer especial(a) cool it worked up\n- 7 -\nthe end of his life.\n femtometre died November 28, 1954 , at the age of only 53 geezerhood.\nIt is onerous to speak up what could make great physicist , if he\nlived some ot her 15-20 years . But that one third , which managed to make\n femtometre of an mean plan and which, check to Pontecorvo ,\n6-8 is worthy of the Nobel Prizes , depart advance constantly in the be of science\nthis exceptionally intellectual scientist.